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» PLO  - Palestine Liberation Organization founded in Jerusalem, 1964.
» Palestine - Republic in the Middle East with 3.5 million inhabitants.
» Palestine National Charter - Document that served as the foundations of the Palestinian struggle for an independent state.
» Peres, Shimon - Israeli politician who has been elected prime minister of his country, in three different periods.
» Persepolis - Ancient capital of Persia, now located around 50 kilometers from Shiraz in Iran. Its name has Greek roots, meaning City of Persians.
» Persia - Name for the Iranian plateau, comprising today's Iran and Afghanistan. The name originally came from a small area in southern Iran, but it was used by the Greeks while referring to the whole region.
» Persian Gulf - Gulf bordering Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman.
» Pesach - Jewish celebration of Easter. It is also called Passover, which actually is the correct translation of the Hebrew word 'pesach'.
» Petra - Ancient city in Jordan, west of the city of Ma'an in the southern part of the country. It is a former capital of the Nabateans.
» Pharaoh - The term was originally used for the residence of the king, and means "great house". Gradually the term came to refer the king.
» Polisario - Army of Western Sahara that prevented the invasion of the Moroccan and the Mauritanian.
» Port Said - City in Egypt, situated on the Mediterranean Sea, and at the northern end of the Suez Canal.
» Psametik I - Egyptian Pharaoh that reigned from 663 to 610 BCE, and was founder of the 26th dynasty.
» Ptolemaic dynasty - Pharaonic reign in ancient Egypt that lasted for a period of 297 years, from 323 BC until 30 BC, until it was ended by Roman annexation.
» Ptolemy I - King of Egypt from 323 until 285 BCE and father of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His most important achievements were to declare Alexandria as the capital of his rule, and the foundation of the Library of Alexandria.
» Ptolemy II - King of Egypt and second in the Ptolemaic dynasty. 309- 246 BCE.
» Ptolemy III - King of Egypt and third in the dinasty. During his reign the control over Cyrenaica was strengthened, and also invaded Syria.
» Ptolemy IV - King of Egypt who was characterized by military defeats in Syria, as well as upheavals in Egypt.
» Ptolemy V - King of Egypt, fifth in the Dinasty. 210-181 BCE.
» Ptolemy VI - King of Egypt that endured attacks from the country neighbors. He lived at the start of the internal conflicts that broke the Ptolemaic dynasty.
» Ptolemy XII - King of Egypt that is most known for his attempt to remove his sister Cleopatra from her position.
» Punic Wars - Collective name on the wars between the Punic city state of Carthage and Rome. The first war started at 264 BCE, and the last one ended at 146.
» Purim - Festival commemorating the salvation of the Jews from the threat of destruction by the Persian king. This story is recorded in the Book of Esther.
» Pyramids - Architectural structure that served as tombs. The first one was erected around 2700 BC.
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